Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that has the capacity to grow at refrigeration temperatures. This trait is one of the major factors affecting control of this pathogen in the food chain. We have performed RNASeq and proteomic analyses during growth of this pathogen at 4ºC. L. monocytogenes up-regulates a few surface proteins as well as a set of small RNA (sRNA) in the cold. Over-expression of one of these sRNA promoted growth of the pathogen at 4ºC while decreased the growth rate at the host temperature (37ºC). We also obtained evidence for the production at 4ºC of several virulence proteins that L. monocytogenes uses to colonize the host. Our data therefore indicate that cold adaptation in L. monocytogenes is intimately interconnected with the virulence program activated following host encounter and that RNA regulatory molecules contribute to this interplay.